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Read.

“Well, […],” she told him,
If you could sit
So you own me.
Give me a place to rest
Yes take care of me
How much do you understand. Yes, look:
Three morning dawns
Set me free
Walk across the open field.
At the end of three days
I give you two horses -
Yes, such as they are today
It never happened at all;
Yes, I also give birth to a horse
Only three tall an inch,
On the back with two humps
Yes with yard ears< …>

1. Write the name of the author and the title of the work from which this passage is taken.
2. Insert the character name missing on the first line.
3. Write the name of the character who says these words.
4. Explain the meaning of the highlighted words and expressions.
5. Imagine that horses are endowed with the gift of speech. Write a monologue of the horse from the work from which the passage is taken, about your owner. The volume is about 100 words.

Answers and evaluation criteria

1. P.P. Ershov, "Humpbacked Horse" (1 point).
2. Ivan (1 point).
3. (Magic) mare (1 point).
4. A vershok is a measure of length equal to approximately 4.5 cm (1 point).

Arshin is a measure of length equal to approximately 71 cm (1 point). In a fairy tale, these words can be used as examples of artistic understatement and exaggeration.

1. horse monologue

Task 2. WORK WITH TEXT

Option 1. Prose text

Read. Write an essay about this story, answering the questions (you can not answer all the questions). Write coherent text

Sasha Cherny (Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg, 1880–1932)

STRAY DOG

Slowly swaying back from the sea to my forest lodge, I was laden like a mule with a bathing suit, a dressing gown, a net of vegetables, and wild pears picked up from the reeds. At the well, I turned around: behind me someone sighed politely, as if he wanted to say: “Turn around, please.”

Out of the reed jungle came a lean, lanky dog ​​of the same humble breed, with a pretzel tail and dumpling ears. I stopped, the dog too. He carefully, with the experienced eye of a vagabond, examined my belongings, my sun-bleached jacket, my face, and when I began to climb the mountain again, resolutely followed me, as if I were his grandfather, whom he met after many years of separation.

It was not difficult to understand his decision: “An alien… Not a farmer – farmers don’t bathe… He doesn’t eat meat, but you can fill an empty stomach with soup and bread. Not evil, rather kind, therefore, will not drive away. From that breed of people who every year come from all directions to Provence to lie on the sand by the sea and do nothing. Like stray dogs…”

The dog was not mistaken, I did not drive him away, and at the gatehouse door I fulfilled my first duty of hospitality: I gave him cold well water in a sardine tin. The tin was much smaller than the dog's thirst, but I patiently poured water until the dog, out of politeness, wetting his tongue for the last time, looked at me with grateful eyes:

- Thanks.

He was a little cunning with me, but well - if you don’t cheat, you won’t have dinner ... such is the fate of all vagabonds.

I was sitting in the gatehouse, he was at the threshold, outside. Of course, he tried to explain to me, as best he could, that he did not want to eat at all, that he followed me only because he liked me. Carefully, as if by chance, he moved his front paw over the threshold. But I really love dogs and really dislike fleas - our eyes met, and he realized that it was possible to have dinner in the yard.

I soaked dry bread in sour milk diluted with water (do not run to the neighboring farm for cream!). The dog ate. He was very hungry - sunken sides, slightly hasty throats ... But he did not champ, he tried to eat slowly, with dignity, as even well-fed boys do not always eat.

Then I warmed up rice soup with tomatoes. The dish is not quite suitable, but do I have a dog cooker?

We honestly divided the soup among ourselves, and for a snack I gave him an oiled paper, which he carefully licked, screwing up his eyes with pleasure - he licked it so that the paper became completely transparent. He refused wine. He was even offended, as, indeed, dogs are always offended if a person offers them something absurd. And in fact: if someone offered you copy ink after dinner, wouldn't you be offended?

From the vineyard crawled out with a pick the old man Sanguinetti, the owner of my dwelling, a little man, like a cunning lizard. He looked at the dog lying on the threshold, smacked his badly shaven lip and said:

- Your dog? Not yours? No one here has such a thing - I already know ... I don’t like cats or dogs! Cats are thieves, dogs bite. So you fed her, and she will tear your trousers for this, hee-hee ...

What nonsense! What dog will offend the person who fed her and greeted her at his doorstep?

The dog also did not like the old man's dry voice, like the rustle of faded corn leaves. He pushed me with his nose into my knees, wagged his tail twice (dinner was unimportant, especially not worth wagging), and, contemptuously rounding the old slanderer, disappeared over the hill in the juniper bushes. Full, the evening is quiet and warm - and what will happen tomorrow, only people think about it ...

1. What can be said about the narrator? Justify your conclusions by referring to the text.
2. How does the narrator feel about nature?
3. How is the dog shown in the story? What kind of art techniques?
4. Why does the story need the image of "old man Sanguinetti"?
5. What artistic details (primarily portrait) do you remember? Why?
6. How do you understand the meaning of the final (last sentence) of the story?

Option 2. Poetic text

Read. Write an essay about this poem, answering the questions (you can not answer all the questions). Write coherent text, freely, clearly, conclusively and competently.

Maya Ivanovna Borisova (1932–1996)

SONG OF THE SPRING SUN

I'll get up early, early, I'm not in a hurry
I'll wake up the ruddy baby.
I caress the sleepy one -
Nothing special -
I will be, the sun, a nanny.
The sky will turn pink above you
Each puddle will become blue.
I will color
Nothing wrong -
I will be, the sun, a painter.
The clouds have been smoky over the winter,
It would be necessary to rinse them in the Neva.
I'll do laundry
Nothing to be ashamed of -
I will be, the sun, a laundress.
Look outside - it's bright.
Go outside - it's warm there.
Sooner or later -
You yourself understood:
It's me, the spring sun!

1. Why is the poem called "Song..."?
2. Is the poem addressed to anyone? If yes, to whom?
3. How does this poem resemble folk songs and how does it differ from them?
4. Pay attention to rhymes. What is unusual about them?
5. How are stanzas arranged in a poem?
6. Why are repetitions necessary?

Evaluation criteria

On April 3, 1930, former German chancellor Helmut Kohl was born. He is called the "war elephant" who brought Germany out of the crisis, united the country and created the European Union. He was a good friend of Gorbachev and Yeltsin, but miscalculated with Angela Merkel.

Child of conservatism

As they say, values ​​are instilled in childhood. And so it happened in the life of Helmut Kohl. His father, Johann Kaspar Kohl, was a typical representative of that interwar generation of German officials, which most of all characterized excellent diligence, an incorruptible sense of duty. He started as a simple peasant, distinguished himself during the First World War, and in 1918 joined the Bavarian financial administration. Both parents were religious and old school - they were alien to the new values ​​of post-war Germany, National Socialism. They regularly went to church, and gave their votes to the conservative Center Party. The ideological views prevailing in the family had a direct impact on Helmut's future career. Subsequently, he led the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the successor to the Center Party. My father's stories about the First World War played a role: “My father's stories about the war,” he recalls, “are deeply embedded in my memory. I remember being among those high school students who tore out border posts in Alsace, targets European songs that spoke of brotherhood, and exclaimed: “This is Europe!”. Having become chancellor, Kohl will again pull out border pillars, but already "in an adult way." He will be called the "Bismarck of the 20th century" for the unification of Germany, and after that "the godfather of a united Europe."

"Chancellor of German Unity"

The prospect of uniting Germany, divided into two unequal parts, appeared on the horizon in the 80s, when Kohl was already in the chair of the Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. Two main factors contributed to this: certain economic successes of the Helmut government, achieved by limiting state intervention in the economy and reducing taxes; and, of course, the unexpected "perestroika" in the USSR, which also unexpectedly led to the fall of the Berlin Wall. The unification happened so rapidly that its opponents did not even have time to gather arguments against it. Most of the issues were resolved during negotiations "without ties" in Stavropol, so dear to Mikhail Sergeevich. The meetings miraculously ended with Gorbachev himself finally taking it upon himself to persuade the rest of Europe to agree to the unification of Germany. What did he ask for such concessions? Authoritative expert Valentin Falin, who under Gorbachev headed the International Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, conveys the following dialogue with Mikhail Sergeyevich: I told Gorbachev: “We have every opportunity to achieve the status of a nuclear-free territory for Germany and prevent NATO expansion to the east.” Him: "I'm afraid the train has already left." In fact, he told Helmut: "Give us 4.5 billion marks to feed the people." And that's it. He didn’t even write off the debts of the Soviet Union to both Germanys, although our property in the GDR alone was worth about a trillion!” They say that Kohl even choked when he heard the figure, the father of perestroika clearly sold cheap. A year later, he had to travel around Europe in search of material assistance for his country, which was on the verge of a humanitarian catastrophe.

European house builder

Gray Cardinal Schäuble

As if in the best traditions of the historical genre, next to the "war elephant" Helmut Kohl was always his loyal and tireless squire, the head of the department of the Federal Chancellor, Minister Wolfgang Schäuble. They were more than associates, they were friends. Kohl stood in tears near Schäuble's bed after the assassination attempt on Wolfgang during his election speech on October 12, 1990. Helmut made it clear more than once that he did not see himself any other successor, and all his contemporaries noted the role of Schäuble in Kohl's entire political course. They worked together for 16 years. Schäuble, along with Kohl, united Germany, created a project for a united Europe, but remained "the architect of Europe in the shadows." He was nicknamed "the gray eminence of German politics."
In 1994, the long friendship of the two associates cracked. Having previously promised to nominate Schäuble as a new candidate for chancellor, Kohl changed his mind at the last moment and went to the parliamentary elections himself. The conflict occurred during the introduction of the euro. According to Kohl, if another politician had taken the post of chancellor at that moment, then the initiative would certainly have been postponed: “There is no doubt that Schäuble is a very gifted person, but the scale of this task became unbearable for a beginner. We needed a person who would put pressure on him with his authority.” Then Wolfgang swallowed his resentment. But two years later, Kohl hid from him, who holds the post of Minister of Finance of the CDU, the receipt of two million marks of undeclared funds. Schäuble admitted that he received the money in cash in an envelope, but, as expected, handed it over to the party treasurer. As a result, both suffered because of the conflict. The friendship between Wolfgang and Helmut came to an end. “A tragedy of Shakespearean proportions,” Hans-Christian Ströbele, a deputy from the Greens faction, called it that.

Private-public

A successful person is made not only by his exceptional qualities, but also by a good team. Kohl knew how to pick up people, to set up loyally not only supporters, but also opponents. What was the secret of his success? Just a "personal approach". Psychologists note that this person created his team with the help of a psychological “pendulum” system, making all party members connected to each other. Kohl is great at making contact with people. Everyone who has said at least two words with him begins to feel, if not important, but still a person, a member of a huge team that does one common thing. By the way, the researcher Vyatkin G., claims that the personal element was a kind of highlight in the speeches of the Chancellor. Kohl often and skillfully brought it into his public speeches, gave examples from life. In this way, he created an "informal setting" and an attitude of belonging. For example, in discussing the unification of Europe, he delved into memories of how, in childhood, together with the rest of the boys, he “created” a united Europe, pulling out the border posts from Alsace. Speaking about peace and stability, he inadvertently remembered that his wife had to change her place of residence 13 times because of the war as a child. "Personal principle" Kohl used everywhere. Among his entourage there was mutual responsibility - if you want to be helped, promise to help others. Helmut Kohl did not forget the failures. He once said, alluding to his excellent memory and enemies: "If I were vindictive, then my telephone book would resemble the Berlin telephone directory." He has a really huge phone book.

Corrupt?

A high-profile case overshadowed the end of Helmut Kohl's career. He turned out to be a defendant in the case of "black cash" - anonymous donations to the party treasury. Referring to his word, ex-Chancellor Kohl refused to name the donors. As a result, the CDU had to pay a multi-million dollar fine, and Kolya left the post of honorary chairman of the party.
And so they closed the case, which left a dark stain on the impeccable reputation of the German chancellor, the unifier of Germany. Was he really involved in corruption? In general, in the history of the CDU, these are not the first "black cash desks". In the seventies there was a high-profile parliamentary and judicial proceedings regarding the receipt of secret "subsidies" from the Flick concern. Only then the "donor" and "launderer" was known - it was Flik himself. Helmut Kohl, according to his entourage, never sought personal gain: he did not buy houses and expensive cars, he did not buy shares, he did not save money in banks. He paid for the party's advertising campaigns, if the land organizations of the party had debts, then he paid them from these funds. He cared about the interests of the party, although he always cared about them in such a way that this concern was to his own advantage. This is the whole Kohl. Helmut himself did the last service to his party - he took the blame. No wonder the German media write in connection with his confessions about the last point in the “Kohl era”.

Mediocre caregiver

It is rightly said that fame is expensive, but it is forgotten quickly. So it happened with Kohl, who, despite his excellent relations with his subordinates, was never able to raise a grateful successor for himself, who would fully continue his political course. He himself admitted that the teacher from him was mediocre. Although today two people from his cabinet are in power in Germany - the already mentioned Wolfgang Schäuble and, of course, Angela Merkel, the former protégé of the former chancellor. In 1991, she became the youngest minister in his cabinet, dealing with women and youth issues. It's Kolya. She owes her quick rise to the top of the political Olympus to her powerful political godfather. Many warned him, calling Merkel "a sweet young woman, from whom you just turn your back, you will immediately get a kick in the ass!" And yet it was at the suggestion of Kohl, who stepped down from the leadership of the CDU after the defeat in the 1998 parliamentary elections, Wolfgang Schaeuble nominated Angela Merkel for the post of general secretary of the party, becoming its chairman himself. But he soon came to regret it. After the 1999 Black Cash scandal, when Helmut took full political responsibility, Angela urged the party to distance itself from Kohl. The CDU followed the call of the Secretary General, and Kohl had no choice but to resign on February 16, 2000. Already on April 10 of the same year, at the party congress in Essen, 96 percent of the delegates cast their votes for the election of Merkel as chairman of the CDU.

The Little Humpbacked Horse

Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov (1815-1869) was born in Siberia.
As a child, he listened to the tales of the Siberian peasants, many he remembered for the rest of his life and he himself told them well.
Ershov was very fond of folk tales. In them, the people wittily ridiculed their enemies - the king, boyars, merchants, priests, condemned evil and stood for truth, justice, goodness.
Ershov was studying at Petersburg University when he first read Pushkin's wonderful fairy tales. They just showed up then.
And he immediately decided to write his "Humpbacked Horse" - a cheerful tale about the brave Ivanushka - a peasant son, about a stupid king and a magic humpbacked horse. Ershov took a lot for The Little Humpbacked Horse from old folk tales.
The story was published in 1834. A. S. Pushkin read and spoke with great praise about The Little Humpbacked Horse.
After graduating from the university, Ershov returned from St. Petersburg to Siberia, to his homeland, and lived there all his life. For many years he was a teacher at the city gymnasium
Tobolsk. Ershov passionately loved his harsh land, studied it and knew it well.
In addition to The Humpbacked Horse, he wrote several other works, but they are now forgotten. And The Little Humpbacked Horse, which appeared more than a hundred years ago, still remains one of the favorite fairy tales of our people.
V. Gakina

PART 1

The fairy tale begins to tell

Beyond the mountains, beyond the forests
Beyond the wide seas
Against the sky - on the ground
An old man lived in a village.
The old woman has three sons:
The older one was smart,
Middle son and so and so
The younger one was an idiot.
The brothers were sowing wheat
Yes, they were taken to the city-capital:
Know that the capital was
Not far from the village.
They sold wheat
Received money by account
And with a full bag
They were returning home.

In a long time al soon
Woe happened to them:
Someone began to walk in the field
And move the wheat.
The men are so sad
They did not see offspring;
They began to think and guess -
How would a thief peep;
Finally realized to themselves
To stand guard
Save bread at night
Watch out for the evil thief.

That's how it became only dark,
The elder brother began to gather,
He took out the pitchfork and the ax
And went on patrol.
A stormy night has come;
Fear came upon him
And with fears our man
Buried under the canopy.
The night passes, the day comes;
The sentinel descends from the sennik
And dousing yourself with water
He began to knock under the hut:
“Hey you sleepy grouse!
Open the door brother
I got wet in the rain
From head to toe."
The brothers opened the door
The guard was let in
They began to ask him:
Didn't he see something?
The watchman prayed
Right, left bowed
And he cleared his throat and said:
“I didn’t sleep all night;
To my misfortune,
There was a terrible storm:
The rain poured and poured like this,
I wet my shirt all over.
How boring it was!
However, all is well."
His father praised him:
“You, Danilo, well done!
You are, so to speak, approximately,
Has served me faithfully
That is, being with everything,
He didn't hit his face in the dirt."

It began to get dark again
The middle brother went to get ready;
Took a pitchfork and an ax
And went on patrol.
The cold night has come
Trembling attacked the little one,
The teeth began to dance;
He hit to run -
And all night I went on patrol
At the neighbor's fence.
It was terrible for the young man!
But here's the morning. He to the porch:
"Hey, Sony! What are you sleeping!
Unlock the door for your brother;
There was a terrible frost at night -
Chilled to the stomach."

The brothers opened the door
The guard was let in
They began to ask him:
Didn't he see something?
The watchman prayed
Right, left bowed
And answered through gritted teeth:
"I didn't sleep all night,
Yes to my unfortunate fate
The night was terribly cold
To the hearts of me penetrated;
I rode all night;
It was too awkward...
However, all is well."
And his father said to him:
"You, Gavrilo, well done!"

It became dark for the third time,
The younger one needs to get together;
He does not lead a mustache
Sings on the stove in the corner
From all the stupid urine:
"Beautiful eyes you are!"
Brothers, blame him
They began to drive in the field,
But, no matter how long they shouted,
Only the voice was lost;
He's out of place. Finally
His father came up to him
Tells him: "Listen,
Run away on patrol, Vanyusha;
I'll buy you luboks
I'll give you peas and beans."
Here Ivan gets off the stove,
Malachai puts on his
He puts bread in his bosom,
The guard is going to keep.

The night has come; the month rises;
Ivan goes around the field,
looking around,
And sits under a bush;
Counts the stars in the sky
Yes, he eats the edge.
Suddenly, about midnight, the horse neighed ...
Our guard stood up,
Looked under the mitten
And I saw a mare.
The mare was
All white as winter snow
Mane to the ground, golden,
Curled in crayons.
“Ehehe! so that's what
Our thief! .. But, wait,
I can't joke
Together I will sit on your neck.
Look, what a locust!”
And, a moment of improvement,
Runs up to the mare
Enough for a wavy tail
And jump? L to her on the ridge -
Only back to front.
young mare,
Glittering furiously,
Serpent's head twisted
And it went off like an arrow.
Winds around? Gom over the fields,
Hangs flat over the ditches,
Rushing over the mountains,
Walks on end through the woods,
Wants by force al deceit,
If only to cope with Ivan;
But Ivan himself is not simple -
Holds tightly to the tail.

Finally she got tired.
“Well, Ivan,” she said to him, “
If you could sit
So you own me.
Give me a place to rest
Yes, take care of me
How much do you understand. Yes, look:
Three morning dawns
Set me free
Walk across the open field.
At the end of three days
I give you two horses -
Yes, such as they are today
It never happened at all;
Yes, I also give birth to a horse
Only three inches tall
On the back with two humps
Yes, with yardstick ears.
Two horses, if you like, sell,
But don't give up the horse
Not for a belt, not for a hat,
Not for black, listen, grandma.
On the ground and underground
He will be your comrade:
It will keep you warm in winter
In summer it will blow cold;
In hunger, he will treat you with bread,
Drink honey when thirsty.
I'll go out into the field again
Strength to try at will.

“Okay,” Ivan thinks.
And in the shepherd's booth
Drives the mare
The door of the matting closes,
And it just dawned
Goes to the village
Singing a song out loud
"A good fellow went to Presnya."

Here he comes up on the porch,
That's enough for the ring,
That there is strength knocking on the door,
Almost the roof is falling down
And shouts to the whole market,
It was like there was a fire.
The brothers jumped from the benches,
Stuttering, they shouted:
"Who knocks hard like that?" -
"It's me, Ivan the Fool!"
The brothers opened the door
The fool was let into the hut
And let's scold him, -
How dare he scare them like that!

And our Ivan, without taking off
Neither bast shoes, nor Malakhai,
Sent to the oven
And speaks from there
About the night adventure
Surprise to all ears:
"I didn't sleep all night,
I counted the stars in the sky;
A month, exactly, also shone, -
I didn't really notice.
Suddenly the devil comes
With a beard and mustache;
Erysipelas like a cat
And the eyes - what are those bowls!
So the devil began to jump
And knock down the grain with a tail.
I can't joke,
And jumped on his neck.
He was already dragging, dragging,
Nearly broke my head.
But I myself am not a mistake,
Hey, he held him like a beetle.
Fought, fought my cunning
And finally pleaded:
"Do not destroy me from the world!
A whole year for you
I promise to live peacefully
Do not trouble the Orthodox."
I, listen, did not measure the words,
Yes, the devil believed it. ”
Here the narrator paused.
Yawned and dozed off.
Brothers, no matter how angry,
They couldn't - they laughed,
Grabbing by the sides
Over the fool's story.
The old man couldn't help himself.
To not laugh to tears,
Even laugh - so it is
Old people are wrong.

Too much time or too little
Since that night has passed, -
I'm nothing about it
Haven't heard from anyone.
Well, what's the matter with us,
Whether a year or two has flown by,
After all, do not run after them ...
Let's continue the story.

Well, so that's it! Raz Danilo
(On a holiday, I remember, it was),
Stretching green drunk
Got dragged into the booth.
What does he see? – Beautiful
Two golden-maned horses
Yes, a toy skate
Only three inches tall
On the back with two humps
Yes, with yardstick ears.
"Hm! now I know
Why did the fool sleep here! -
Danilo says to himself...
The miracle at once broke the hops;
Here Danilo runs into the house
And Gabriel says:
"Look how beautiful
Two golden-maned horses
Our fool got himself:
You didn't even hear it."
And Danilo da Gavrilo,
What was in the legs of their urine,
Straight through the nettle
So they blow barefoot.

Stumbling three times
Fixing both eyes
Rubbing here and there
Brothers enter to two horses.
The horses neighed and snored,
Eyes were burning like a yacht;
Rings curled into crayons,
The tail flowed golden,
And diamond hooves
Studded with large pearls.
It's worth watching!
Only the king would sit on them.
The brothers looked at them like that,
Which is a little off the mark.
“Where did he get them? -
The senior middle man said, -
But it's been talked about for a long time
That only fools are given a treasure,
At least break your forehead
So you won't knock out two rubles.
Well, Gavrilo, that week
Let's take them to the capital;
We will sell the boyars there,
Let's split the money.
And with money, you know
And drink and walk
Just hit the bag.
And good fool
It won't take a guess
Where are his horses staying?
Let them look here and there.
Well, buddy, shake hands!
The brothers agreed
Embraced, crossed
And returned home
Talking among ourselves
About horses, and about the feast,
And about a wonderful animal.

Time rolls by,
Hour after hour, day after day,
And for the first week
The brothers are going to the city-capital,
To sell your goods there
And at the pier to find out
Did they come with ships
Germans in the city for canvases
And will Tsar Saltan come
Shame on Christians?
Here they prayed to the icons,
Father was blessed
They took two horses secretly
And they set off in silence.

Evening made its way to night;
Ivan got ready for the night;
Walking down the street
He eats a piece of bread and sings.
Here he reaches the field,
Hands propped up at the sides
And with a touch, like a pan,
Sideways enters the booth.

Everything was still standing
But the horses were gone;
Only a humpbacked toy
His legs were spinning
Clapped with joy ears
Yes, he danced with his feet.
How Ivan will howl here,
Leaning on the farce:
“Oh you, horses of the bora-siwa,
Good golden-maned horses!
I did not caress you, friends.
What the hell stole you?
To the abyss to him, the dog!
To breathe in the gully!
So that he in the next world
Fall on the bridge!
Oh you, horses of the bora-siwa,
Good golden-maned horses!
Here the horse neighed to him.
“Don’t grieve, Ivan,” he said, “
Great trouble, I do not argue;
But I can help, I'm burning
You do not rivet on the devil:
The horse brothers brought together.
Well, why talk empty,
Be, Ivanushka, in peace.
Hurry up and sit on me
Just know yourself hold on;
Even though I'm small,
Yes, I will change the horse of another:
How do I run and run
So I will overtake the demon.

Here the skate lies before him;
Ivan sits on a skate,
Ears in zagreb takes
What is the urine roars.
The little humpbacked horse shook himself,
He got up on his paws, startled,
He slammed his mane, snored
And flew like an arrow;
Only dusty clubs
Whirlwind twisted underfoot
And in two moments, if not in a moment,
Our Ivan overtook the thieves.

The brothers, that is, were afraid,
They combed and hesitated.
And Ivan began to shout to them:
“Shame on you, brothers, to steal!
Even though you are smarter Ivana,
Yes, Ivan is more honest than you:
He didn't steal your horses."
The elder, writhing, then said:
“Our dear brother Ivasha!
What to shove is our business!
But take into account
Our unselfish belly.
How much wheat we do not sow,
We have a little daily bread.
And if the harvest is bad,
So at least get into the loop!
Here in such great sadness
Gavrila and I were talking
All last night -
What would help the goryushku?
So and so we decided
Finally, this is how they did it
To sell your skates
At least a thousand rubles.
And thank you, say by the way,
Bring you back -
Red hat with a vertebra
Yes, heeled boots.
And besides, the old man can't,
Can't work anymore
But it is necessary to close the century, -
You yourself are a smart person!” -
"Well, if that's the case, then go, -
Ivan says - sell
Golden-maned two horses,
Yes, take me too."
The brothers squinted painfully,
Yes, you can't! agreed.

It began to darken in the sky;
The air began to grow cold;
Here, so that they do not get lost,
Decided to stop.
Under canopies of branches
All horses tied
Brought with a bast basket,
got a little drunk
And go, God willing
Who is into what of them.
Here Danilo suddenly noticed
That the fire lit up in the distance.
He looked at Gabriel
Left eye winked
And, coughing lightly,
Pointing the fire quietly;
Here he scratched his head,
“Oh, how dark! - he said.-
At least a month that way as a joke
Looked at us for a minute,
Everything would be easier. And now,
Right, we are worse than black grouse ...
Wait a minute... It seems to me
What light smoke curls there ...
You see, Avon! .. So it is! ..
That would be a smoke to breed!
It would be a miracle! .. And listen,
Run, brother Vanyusha.
And, to be honest, I have
No flint, no flint."
Danilo himself thinks:
"To crush you there!"
Gavrilo says:
“Who-sing knows what burns!
Kohl villagers stuck -
Remember him, what was his name!
Everything is a waste for a fool
He sits on a skate
Beats in steep sides with legs,
Pulling his hands
Bawling with all his might...
The horse soared, and the trail caught a cold.
“Be with us the power of the cross! -
Then Gavrilo shouted,
Protected by the holy cross. -
What kind of demon is under him!

The fire burns brighter
The hunchback runs faster.
Here he is in front of the fire.
The field shines like during the day;
Wonderful light streams around
But it does not heat, does not smoke,
Ivan was given a diva here:
“What,” he said, “for the devil!
There are five hats in the world,
And there is no heat and smoke;

Eco miracle light!”
The horse tells him:
“There is something to marvel at!
Here lies the feather of the Firebird,
But for your happiness
Don't take it.
Many, many restless
He will bring it with him." -
"You speak! how not so!” -
The fool grumbles to himself;
And, lifting the feather of the Firebird,
Wrapped it up in rags
Put rags in a hat
And he turned his horse.
Here he comes to the brothers
And to their demand he answers:
"How did I get there?
I saw a burnt stump;
Already over him I fought, fought,
So I almost sat down;
I inflated it for an hour,
No, damn it, it's gone!"
The brothers did not sleep the whole night,
They laughed at Ivan;
And Ivan sat down under the cart,
He snored until morning.

Here they harnessed the horses
And they came to the capital
Became in a row of horses,
Opposite the big chambers.
In that capital there was a custom:
If the mayor does not say -
Buy nothing
Sell ​​nothing.
Here comes mass;
The mayor leaves
In shoes, in a fur hat,
With a hundred city guards.
Next to him rides herald,
Long mustache, bearded;
He blows a golden trumpet,
Cries out in a loud voice:
"Guests ! Open the benches
Buy, sell;
And the overseers sit
Near the shops and look
To avoid sodom
No pressure, no pogrom,
And to no freak
Do not deceive the people!
The guests of the shop open,
Baptized people call out:
"Hey, honest gentlemen,
Please visit us here!
How are our containers-bars,
All kinds of goods!
The buyers are coming
Goods are taken from guests;
Guests count money
Yes, the overseers are blinking.

Meanwhile, the city detachment
Comes to the equestrian row;
They look - a crush from the people,
There is no way out, no way in;
So the kishma is teeming,
And laugh and shout.
The mayor was surprised
that the people rejoiced,
And he gave the order to the detachment,
To clear the road.
"Hey, you goddamn barefoot!
Get out of my way! Get out of my way!"
The barbels screamed
And they hit the whips.
Here the people moved
He took off his hats and stepped aside.

Before the eyes of the equestrian row:
Two horses stand in a row
young, crows,
Golden manes curl,
Rings curled into crayons,
The tail flows golden ...
Our old man, no matter how ardent,
He rubbed the back of his head for a long time.
“Wonderful,” he said, “God’s light,
There are no miracles in it!”
The whole squad here bowed,
I marveled at the wise speech.
Meanwhile, the mayor
Punished severely to everyone
Not to buy horses
They didn't yawn, they didn't shout;
That he is going to the yard
Report everything to the king.
And, leaving part of the detachment,
He went to report.

Arrives at the palace
“Have mercy, king-father! -
The mayor exclaims
And the whole body falls. -
They didn't order me to be executed
Tell me to speak!"
The king deigned to say: “Okay,
Speak, but it’s only complicated. ” -
"As best I can, I'll tell you:
I serve as mayor;
Faithfully correct
This position ... "-" I know, I know! -
“Today, having taken a detachment,
I went to the horse range.
Come - the darkness of the people!
Well, no way out, no way in.
What to do here? .. Ordered
Drive the people, so as not to interfere,
And so it happened, the king-hope!
And I went - and what? ..
In front of me is a row of horses:
Two horses stand in a row
young, crows,
Golden manes curl,
Rings curled into crayons,
The tail flows golden,
And diamond hooves
Studded with large pearls.

The king could not sit here.
"We need to look at the horses, -
He says - yes, it's not bad
And make such a miracle.
Hey, give me a wagon!" And so
The wagon is at the gate.
The king washed, dressed up
And rolled into the market;
Behind the king of archers is a detachment.
Here he entered the horse row.
Everybody fell on their knees
And "hooray!" they shouted at the king.
The king bowed and instantly
Jumping from the wagon as a young man ...
He does not take his eyes off his horses,
Right, left comes to them,
He calls with a gentle word,
Quietly beats them on the back,
He pats their neck,
Stroking the golden mane,
And, having seen enough,
He asked turning
To those around him: “Hey guys!
Whose foals are these?
Who is the owner? Ivan is here
Hands on the hips, like a pan,
Because of the brothers performs
And, pouting, he replies:
"This couple, the king, is mine,
And the owner is also me. -
“Well, I'm buying a couple;
Are you selling?" - "No, I'm changing." -
“What do you take good in exchange?” -
"Two to five caps of silver" -
"So that would be ten."
The king immediately ordered to weigh
And, by your grace,
He gave me an extra five roubles.
The king was generous!

Take the horses to the stables
Ten gray-haired grooms,
All in gold stripes,
All with colored sashes
And with morocco whips.
But dear, as if laughing,
The horses knocked them all off their feet,
All the bridles are torn
And they ran to Ivan.
The king went back
She tells him: "Well, brother,
A pair of ours is not given;
Nothing to do, have to
In the palace to serve you;
You will walk in gold
Dress up in a red dress
Like rolling cheese in butter
All my stable
I give you an order
The royal word is a guarantee.
What do you agree? - "What a thing!
I will live in the palace
I will walk in gold
Dress up in a red dress
Like rolling cheese in butter
The whole stable factory
The king gives me an order;
That is, I'm from the garden
I will become a royal governor.
Wonderful thing! So be it
I will serve you, king.
Just, mind you, don't fight me
And let me sleep
Otherwise, I was like that!”

Then he called the horses
And went along the capital,
Waving my own mitten
And to the song of the fool
Horses dance trepak;
And his skate is humpbacked -
And so it breaks down,
To the surprise of all people.

The two brothers meanwhile
Royally received money
They were sewn into belts,
They knocked on the valley
And we went home.
Shared at home
They both got married at the same time
They began to live and live
Remember Ivan.
But now we'll leave them
Let's have fun with a fairy tale again
Orthodox Christians,
What did our Ivan do,
Being in the service of the king
At the state stable;
How did he get into the neighbors,
Like a feather overslept, Thunder clouds from the side;
The cloud moves and sparkles
Thunder scatters across the sky.
This is a saying: wait,
The story is ahead.
Like on the ocean
And on the island of Buyan
A new coffin stands in the forest,
The girl lies in the coffin;
The nightingale whistles over the coffin;
The black beast roams in the oak forest.
This is a hint, but -
The story will follow.

Well, you see, laity,
Orthodox Christians,
Our daring fellow
Wandered into the palace;
Serves at the royal stable
And won't bother at all
It's about brothers, about father
In the royal palace.
And what does he care about his brothers?
Ivan has red dresses,
Red caps, boots
Almost ten boxes;
He eats sweetly, he sleeps so much,
What expanse, and only!

Here in five weeks
Began to note the sleeping bag ...
I must say, this sleeping bag
Before Ivan was the boss
Above the stable above all
Of the boyars were reputed to be children;
So no wonder he was angry
I swore at Ivan
Though the abyss, but a stranger
Get out of the palace.
But, hiding deceit,
It's for every occasion
Pretend, rogue, deaf,
short-sighted and dumb;
He himself thinks: "Wait a minute,
I'll move you, you fool!"
So, in five weeks,
The sleeping bag began to notice
That Ivan does not care for horses,
And does not clean, and does not school;
But for all that, two horses
As if only from under the crest:
Washed clean,
Manes are twisted into braids,
The bangs are gathered in a bun,
Wool - well, shines like silk;
In the stalls - fresh wheat,
As if it will be born right there,
And in large vats full
It looks like it's just poured.
“What kind of a parable is this? -
Sleeper thinks, sighing. -
Isn't he walking, wait,
To us a prankster brownie?
Let me watch
And something, so I'm a bullet,
Without blinking, I can merge, -
If only the fool would leave.
I will convey in the royal thought,
That the horseman of the state -

Teacher: In the last lesson, you got acquainted with the category of the mood of the verb. What does the verb express with moods?

Pupils: With the help of moods, the verb expresses the relation of action to reality.

Teacher: What moods of the verb do you know?

Pupils: Indicative, subjunctive (conditional), imperative.

Teacher: In order to remember what action each inclination means, write down the sentences on the board and in your notebooks:

“Live in the country,” said my mother. Mishka and I were very happy. This life would go on all summer long!

Find verbs in the text, determine their mood. What is the action of the verb in the indicative mood?

Pupils: A verb in the indicative mood denotes an action that is happening, happened, will happen. In the recorded text, these are the verbs "said" and "rejoiced."

Teacher: What action does the verb in the imperative mood indicate?

Pupils: A verb in the imperative mood denotes an action that is asked or ordered to be performed. In the text, this is the verb "live".

Teacher: What action does the verb in the subjunctive mood indicate?

Students: A verb in the subjunctive mood indicates an action that is possible under any condition or desirable. In the text, this is the verb "would continue."

Teacher: Today we will talk with you in more detail about verbs in this form. You see on the board the topic “How the subjunctive mood of the verb is formed” and the epigraph to it from the poem by Gianni Rodari: “How wonderful / The subjunctive mood!” Write down the theme and epigraph. Now listen to a poem by Gianni Rodari.

I would decide...

I would say...

I'd hurry...

I would write...

How wonderful is

Subjunctive mood!

Never swear

Doesn't quarrel, doesn't scream,

Will get into an upholstered chair

And dreamily murmurs:

I'd like to learn Turkish...

I would turn on the radio...

No, wait!

I would play the piano...

I would play

If I could

If I could

I would fly

I would eat a carload of cakes

If only he had them!

Teacher: From the text of the poem, write out all the verbs in the form of the subjunctive mood. Read in the textbook (Russian language. Grade 5. Edited by M.M. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekant. M., 2004) on p. 184 how this form is formed: subjunctive mood forms are formed by combining the verb in the form past tense and particles would (b): shone + would, shone + would, shone(s) + would.

What do you need to remember about writing particle would?

Pupils: The particle would (b) is always written separately from the verb and can be found not only with the verb, but also in any other place in the sentence: if you read more, you would read more.

Teacher: So, we learned what a verb in the form of the subjunctive mood means, how this form is formed and how the particle would be written with verbs. But how the subjunctive mood arose in the language, our researchers will tell us (based on the materials of the journal "Russian Language at School").

Pupils: From the verb to be in the meaning of "to exist, to be" ... a whole nest of words was formed. First of all, particles. In the Old Russian language, the subjunctive mood was also ... To form the subjunctive mood in the Old Russian language, it was necessary to add the verb to be in the form of the past tense to the participle in l (wrote, thought) (it was called aorist). For example, the subjunctive from the verb write looked like this:

(I) used to write

(you, he) would write,

(we) used to write

(you) wrote faster

(they) used to write.

Gradually, the system of tenses in the language changed. The aorist is gone. And the form of its 2-3 person singular from the verb being was preserved as a particle by, forming the subjunctive mood: it supplanted all other forms and is now used in all persons and numbers.

Teacher: This is how the would particle lives in the language, about which Felix Krivin said that she “dreams”. Do you agree with this statement?

Pupils: Yes, verbs used with the particle would denote an action that is only desirable or possible under any condition, that is, an action that we dream of, like the hero of a poem by Gianni Rodari.

Teacher: Or like Deniska from V. Dragunsky's story "... Would."

Trained students perform a dramatization based on the story of V. Dragunsky.

“Once I was sitting and sitting, and for no reason at all, I suddenly thought of something that even surprised myself. I thought how nice it would be if everything in the world was arranged the other way around. Well, for example, so that children are in charge in all matters, and adults should have to obey them in everything, in everything. In general, adults should be like children, and children like adults. That would be great, it would be very interesting.

Firstly, I imagine how my mother would “like” such a story that I go and command her as I want, and dad would probably “like” it too, but there’s nothing to say about my grandmother. Needless to say, I would remember them all! For example, my mother would be sitting at dinner, and I would say to her: “Why did you start a fashion without bread? Here's more news! Look at yourself in the mirror, who do you look like? Poured Koschey! Eat now, they tell you! - And she would eat with her head down, and I would only give the command: - Faster! Don't hold your cheek! Thinking again? Are you solving the world's problems? Chew properly! And don't rock in your chair!"

And then dad would come in after work, and he wouldn’t even have time to undress, and I would have already shouted:

"Yeah, he showed up! You always have to wait! My hands now! As it should, as it should be mine, there is nothing to smear the dirt. After you, the towel is scary to look at. Brush three and spare no soap. Come on, show me your nails! It's horror, not nails. It's just claws! Where are the scissors? Don't move! I do not cut with any meat, but I cut it very carefully. Don't sniff, you're not a girl... That's right. Now sit down at the table."

He would sit down and quietly say to his mother:

"Well, how are you?"

And she would also say quietly:

"Nothing, thanks!"

Teacher: What inclination helps Deniska fantasize, dream?

Students: Subjunctive.

Teacher: Find the verbs in this form in the text.

Then the children perform exercise No. 556. First, they write out sentences in which the verb conveys the meaning of desire, and then sentences that talk about actions that are possible under any conditions.

Exercise No. 557 the guys do on their own. You can invite children to complete the sentence humorously. In this case, special attention should be paid to complex sentences with subordinate conditions (without communication of terms).

Teacher: Verbs in the subjunctive mood change in the same way as in the past tense: by numbers and in the singular - by gender. Now you will listen to the poem. Find in it verbs in the subjunctive mood. Do they have a genus? Why?

It would be nice people

Never washed!

Never would in the first

The class did not study!

Would never eat

Would never sleep.

Interesting: who

These people have become

Pupils: Plural verbs are used here, so we do not determine their gender.

Teacher: And now back to the epigraph of our lesson. Do you agree that the subjunctive is indeed wonderful?

Students: Of course! After all, with the help of this form you can express your desires, dreams, and intentions!

Teacher: This is what you will do by doing your homework (exercise 558). You are invited to write a short essay that would begin with the words: "How I would like to help ..." You can choose another topic instead: "This is a dreamy inclination" or simply "If ...".

I would like the subjunctive mood to make your works as curious and original as S. Silverstein's poem "If I were."

If I were

If I were a little, little dwarf,

I would wash myself with a drop of one rain,

I would ride a ladybug

The fishing rod was hidden in the hole from the nail.

I would easily pass under the doors,

A mosquito would look like a big eagle to me,

A saucer - a wide lake, if I were ...

If I were a little, little dwarf.

I could not hug my father or mother,

Is the little finger, and then - not for sure.

I would have shied away from under my feet in fright

Even a month and a half puppy.

If you gave me a candy "Flight"

An aunt who loves me very much,

I would eat this candy for a whole year,

Fantik alone would unfold half a day.

To write a short word "hello"

I would turn with an eternal pen for a week ...

(I wrote these poems for fourteen years,

After all, I am a little, little dwarf).

Galina GOLUBEV,

teacher of Russian language and literature

secondary school No. 4 in Novovoronezh

Voronezh region

P.S. Here are excerpts from essays.

Application

If...

If I were a small fragile snowflake with six carved rays, I would first live in my native cloud. And then she would sit on its edge, dangle her legs, well, well, she would look at everything from above. I would choose a small town similar to Novovoronezh, and in it - a school, definitely No. 4. I would wait until the lessons were over and the children would go home. I would see a little girl Masha from the 5th "B". And then I would smoothly sank right on her mitten! And Masha would have seen me and screamed: “Girls, look how beautiful the snowflake is, what rays it has!”

How I would like to help...

How I wish I could help my mom! She works so hard and is very tired. I would like to grow up big and strong and become a good engineer. I would tell my mother that she can no longer work as a seller in the market. She would have been delighted, she would have kissed me ... We would have sat down at the table and slowly drank tea with a cake baked by my mother.

It's dreamy...

I like to dream in the evenings. I sit in a chair and think: “It would be nice to be in Africa! I would love to see real lions, ride a zebra, pet a giraffe. The animals would not be afraid of me. They would immediately understand that I am kind.”

But then my mother came in and immediately brought me back from Africa to Novovoronezh:

You should take your lessons, Svetik, otherwise you will sit up late again.

I had to take up mathematics, and I would have dreamed a little more!

If...

If I were a doctor, I would cure my grandmother. I would give her such a medicine so that her legs would not hurt. She would be able to walk more and climb the stairs to the fifth floor, and not in the elevator. Grandmother would always be cheerful, and every day we would go mushroom picking with her.

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